diffusion vacuum pump
A diffusion vacuum pump represents a sophisticated high-vacuum system that operates on the principle of momentum transfer between vapor molecules and gas molecules. This innovative pumping mechanism utilizes a specialized fluid, typically oil, which is heated to create a vapor that flows through a series of nozzles at supersonic speeds. As the vapor jets downward, it entrains gas molecules from the chamber being evacuated, effectively creating and maintaining high vacuum conditions. The pump's design features multiple stages of jets arranged in a cascade formation, allowing it to achieve ultimate pressures as low as 10-7 torr. The process begins when the working fluid is heated in the boiler section at the pump's base, creating vapor that rises through the central chimney. As this vapor is ejected through precisely engineered nozzles, it captures gas molecules and carries them downward, where they are compressed and eventually exhausted. The condensed working fluid is then recycled back to the boiler, creating a continuous, efficient pumping cycle. These pumps are particularly valuable in industrial applications requiring high vacuum conditions, such as semiconductor manufacturing, metallurgy, and scientific research equipment.
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